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Rural district councils were created through the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, and were eventually abolished after the partition of Ireland, by the Local Government Act of 1925.

Tullamore’s Poor Law Union was formed on the 16th of September 1839. Its operations were controlled by a Board of Guardians, twenty-four of whom were elected, as well as eight ex-officio Guardians who all met weekly, with J. H. Welsh serving as chairman. The Union comprised an area of 246 square miles, covering two counties: from Offaly (King’s) – Ballycommon, Cappincor, Clara, Durrow, Geashill, Kilclonfert, Killeagh, Killoughy, Kilmonaghan, Philipstown, Rahan, Rathfeston and Tullamore. From County Westmeath – Kilbeggan and Rahugh. The Union was abolished in 1925, with the Board of Guardians powers being transferred to the county councils' Board of Health.

Tullamore Town Commission was established in 1860 but no records survive for this body. The Commission became the Urban District Council in 1900 but there are no extant records between 1900 and 1906. The UDC was dissolved in June 2014 following the Local Government Act. Tullamore Municipal District (2014-present) replaces the UDC.